Should Maths be taught in mixed ability classes?

As maths teachers in Wales navigate the implementation of the new Curriculum for Wales, one question continues to spark debate:
Should Key Stage 3 maths be taught in mixed-ability classes, or does setting by ability offer a better approach?

Advocates for mixed-ability classes highlight several benefits:

✅ Encourages inclusivity & collaboration – Students learn from each other, fostering peer support and confidence-building.
✅ Aligns with the Curriculum for Wales – The curriculum promotes equity, and mixed-ability teaching supports its principles.
✅ Prevents early labelling – Fixed ability sets can reinforce limiting mindsets, while mixed classes encourage growth.
✅ Promotes flexible teaching – Lessons can be differentiated based on individual needs rather than rigid ability groups.
✅ Boosts engagement for lower-attaining students – Working alongside higher-achieving peers can raise aspirations.

Others argue that ability grouping ensures targeted support:

❌ Higher-attaining students may progress more slowly – Lessons might not be sufficiently challenging if pitched too broadly.
❌ Differentiation challenges – Managing multiple ability levels in one classroom can be complex.
❌ Confidence concerns – Lower-attaining students may feel discouraged if they struggle compared to their peers.
❌ Assessment & pacing difficulties – Ensuring all students master key concepts at their own pace requires careful planning.
❌ Structured ability grouping enables focused teaching – Some teachers prefer the clarity of ability-based sets.

Some schools in Wales are adopting a hybrid approach, starting Key Stage 3 with mixed-ability groups and introducing flexible sets as students progress. Others are focusing on targeted interventions within mixed-ability settings to balance inclusivity with academic support.

What is your experience? How is your school approaching Key Stage 3 maths under the new curriculum? Have you found success with mixed-ability teaching, or do you prefer structured ability groups?

Share your thoughts and let’s explore different perspectives!